Η αγωγή λογοδοσίας ή παράδοσης καταλόγου με τα στοιχεία ομάδας αντικειμένων κατ’ αρ. 473 – 477 ΚΠολΔ

Η αγωγή λογοδοσίας ή παράδοσης καταλόγου με τα στοιχεία ομάδας αντικειμένων κατά το ουσιαστικό αστικό και το αστικό δικονομικό δίκαιο, τα στάδια εκδίκασης της αγωγής, η πρώτη συζήτηση της αγωγής, το είδος της απόφασης, η οποία διατάσσει την παροχή λογοδοσίας ή την παράδοση καταλόγου, και το εκκλητό αυτής. Η συνέχεια της υπόθεσης σε περίπτωση συμμόρφωσης, αλλά και σε περίπτωση μη συμμόρφωσης του εναγομένου.Η αγωγή λογοδοσίας ή παράδοσης καταλόγου με τα στοιχεία ομάδας αντικειμένων κατά το ουσιαστικό αστικό και το αστικό δικονομικό δίκαιο, τα στάδια εκδίκασης της αγωγής, η πρώτη συζήτηση της αγωγής, το είδος της απόφασης, η οποία διατάσσει την παροχή λογοδοσίας ή την παράδοση καταλόγου, και το εκκλητό αυτής. Η συνέχεια της υπόθεσης σε περίπτωση συμμόρφωσης, αλλά και σε περίπτωση μη συμμόρφωσης του εναγομένου

Advanced Testing Chain Supporting the Validation of Smart Grid Systems and Technologies

New testing and development procedures and methods are needed to address topics like power system stability, operation and control in the context of grid integration of rapidly developing smart grid technologies. In this context, individual testing of units and components has to be reconsidered and appropriate testing procedures and methods need to be described and implemented. This paper addresses these needs by proposing a holistic and enhanced testing methodology that integrates simulation/software- and hardware-based testing infrastructure. This approach presents the advantage of a testing environment, which is very close to f i eld testing, includes the grid dynamic behavior feedback and is risks-free for the power system, for the equipment under test and for the personnel executing the tests. Furthermore, this paper gives an overview of successful implementation of the proposed testing approach within different testing infrastructure available at the premises of different research institutes in Europe.Comment: 2018 IEEE Workshop on Complexity in Engineering (COMPENG

Frequency and voltage control of island system using power hardware in the loop

Power generation via Distributed Generation (DG) plants coupled with inverters can participate in Frequency and Voltage stabilization of the microgrid which is important to grid operators. This paper explores the realization of improved regulation of frequency and voltages in a low voltage microgrid using droop-controlled power converters. The test bed consists of a Power Hardware in the Loop (PHIL) setup, which includes a grid-forming battery inverter, local loads, and DG plants. In the PHIL setup, the grid-forming battery inverter was responsible for setting the network voltage, which served the loads initially before the distributed energy resources were energized. Additional loads were then switched on triggering a frequency drop in the network. Changes in the load requirement and performance of the DGs were examined through the PHIL setup with the energy storage system further supporting as require. The results showed notable improvement in the overall system frequency and voltage regulation

Dynamics of inverter droop control and OLTC using power hardware in the loop (PHIL) - (ancillary services supply in low voltage grid)

Distributed Energy Resources (DER) sources installed closer to end users serve as local distributed generators, but they are regarded intermittent sources that pose a challenge to grid operators. Moreover, an increase in penetration of DER into the grid network has created problems related to power quality issues such as voltage sags and swells. The obligation of the grid operators to address power quality issues and energy demand has created an opportunity in the energy market due to the need for ancillary services. In resolving these power quality issues, the coupling DER-inverter becomes an effective tool in supplying ancillary services to the grid. This paper explores the dynamic functionality of a modelled droop-controlled inverter against the conventional OLTC transformers in a Low Voltage grid. The experiment is designed using the Power Hardware in the Loop (PHIL) test setup which combined a hardware DER-inverter, to a simulated low voltage AC distribution network. The test results show that inverter based DERs could enhance ancillary service provision at the distribution level by supporting the operation of the existing OLTC in realizing voltage control

Power hardware in the loop and ancillary service for voltage regulation in low voltage grid

Power production via traditional generators play a major role to meet demand, however, the trend is shifting towards utilization of distributed renewable sources. Distributed Energy Resources (DER) becomes a means to support loads locally. As DERs are typically intermittent sources, there are challenges associated with the high level of penetration of these resources that are of concern to grid operators. There are also opportunities associated with this technology as the inverters connecting the DERs could support voltage regulation by performing reactive power compensation in the grid.The concept of utilizing droop controlled DERs as reactive power resources is explored in this paper. As the active power production fluctuates with solar insolation, the spare capacity of the inverters could be employed to provide effective reactive power compensation to support the grid.In this paper, Power Hardware in the Loop (PHIL) simulation was employed where a single-phase PV inverter hardware is operated in parallel with three other real-time simulated inverters to deliver ancillary services. The results have shown that the switching steps of the On-Load Tap changer transformer (OLTC) were reduced, thus improving overall system performance

PHIL and CHIL simulation for education, research and testing

PHIL and CHIL simulation is proving to be an efficient tool for education, research and testing. The development of hands-on laboratory exercises at NTUA using HIL simulation and experiential learning will be presented. The combination of CHIL and PHIL for testing smart grid control algorithms will be reported as well as the use of “testing chains” for system-level controllers. Most of the presented activities have been performed in the framework of the H2020 ERIGrid project